Unit 8 : Current Electricity

The unit Current Electricity has got 70 periods.
  1. Fundamental concepts (12 periods)
    • Electric charges and electric current \[I = \frac {Q}{t} \]
    • Mechanism of conduction of electricity through a metallic conductor
    • Expression for the relationship between current and drift velocity
    • Current density
    • Potential difference
    • Resistance and resistivity \[R = \frac {\rho l}{A} \]
    • Variation of resistance with temperature
      • Temperature coefficient of resistance
    • Superconductivity
      • Behavior of superconductors
      • Super conducting materials
      • Properties of superconductors
      • Uses of superconductors
    • Combination of resistors
      • Series combination
      • Parallel combination
      • Equivalent resistance of simple networks
      • Ohm's law
        • Conditions for validity of Ohm's law
        • I - V curves
        • Ohmic conductors
        • Non-ohmic conductors
    • Potential divider circuit
  2. Energy and power (06 periods)
    • Expression of energy dissipated due to flow of charges \[W = QV \] \[W = VIt \]
    • Expression for power (rate of dissipation of energy) \[P = VI \]
    • Obtaining formulas, \[P = I^2 R \] \[P = \frac {V^2}{R} \] \[W = I^2 R t \] \[W = \frac {V^2 t}{R} \]
    • Application of the following formulas for any electrical appliance \[P = VI \] \[W = VIt \]
    • Application of the following formulas for appliances producing heat only (Joules heating) \[P = I^2 R \] \[P = \frac {V^2}{R} \] \[W = I^2 R t \] \[W = \frac {V^2 t}{R} \]
  3. Electromotive force (12 periods)
    • Formation of potential difference between plates of a simple cell
    • Transformation of different forms of energy in various sources of electromotive force
    • Definition of electromotive force
    • Introduction of internal resistance
    • Application of the law of conservation of energy to a circuit having a source of electromotive force
    • The potential difference between the terminals of a cell in a closed circuit \[V = E - Ir \]
    • Determination of electromotive force (e.m.f.) and internal resistance of a cell (graphical method)
    • Combination of sources of electromotive force
      • Series connection
      • Parallel connection of identical sources
    • Graphical representation of the relationship between resistance and power dissipation of a resistor
    • Conduction for maximum power transfer (derivation is not necessary)
  4. Electric circuits (08 periods)
    • Kirchhoff's laws
      • First law (conservation of charges)
      • Second law (conservation of energy)
  5. Electrical measuring instruments (12 periods)
    • Ammeter, Voltmeter & Ohm-meter
      • Ammeter
        • Arrangement
        • Properties of an ideal ammeter
        • Changing the range of an ammeter
      • Voltmeter
        • Arrangement
        • Properties of an ideal voltmeter
        • Changing the range of a voltmeter
      • Ohm-meter
    • Wheatstone bridge and it's uses
      • Wheatstone bride
      • Relationship between resistances for balanced condition
      • Meter bridge
        • Facts to be considered in using meter bridge
        • Uses of meter bridge
          • Finding temperature coefficient of resistance
    • Potentiometer
      • Principle of potentiometer
      • Calibration of potentiometer
      • Facts to be considered in using potentiometer
      • Uses of potentiometer
        • Comparison of electromotive forces
        • Comparison of resistances
        • Determination of internal resistance of a cell
      • Advantages and disadvantages of using potentiometer
  6. Electromagnetic induction (20 periods)
    • Magnetic flux and flux linkage
    • Laws of electromagnetic induction
      • Faraday's law
      • Lenz's law
    • Demonstrating the laws of electromagnetic induction
    • Electromotive force induced in a straight rod moving in a uniform magnetic field
      • Expression for induced electromotive force
      • Fleming's right hand rule
    • Electromotive force induced in a rod rotating in a magnetic field
    • Electromotive force inducted in a disc rotating in a magnetic field
    • Electromagnetic force induced in a rectangular coil rotating in a magnetic field and expression for the maximum value
    • Alternating current generator
      • Arrangement
      • Graphical representation of the variation of electromotive force with time
      • Introduction to alternating current and voltage
      • r.m.s value and peak value of current and voltage
      • Average power in watts in a resistive circuits
    • Eddy current and their uses
    • Back e.m.f. of an electric motor
    • Demonstration of back e.m.f. of electric motor
    • Effect of the back e.m.f. on the armature current
    • Controlling the initial current / starter switch
    • Transformers
      • Structure
      • Relationship between the number of turns and the voltages of primary and secondary coils for ideal transformers
      • Step-down and step-up transformers
      • Input and output power of the transformer
      • The product VI, as input / output power of a transformer
      • Energy loss in a transformer
        • Loss due to Joule heating
        • Loss due to eddy current
        • Method of minimize energy loss
      • Uses of transformers
      • Transmission of electric power
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